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The Connachta are a group of medieval Irish dynasties who claimed descent from the legendary High King Conn Cétchathach (Conn of the Hundred Battles). The modern western province of Connacht (Irish ''Cúige Chonnacht'', province, literally "fifth", of the Connachta) takes its name from them, although the territories of the Connachta also included at various times parts of southern and western Ulster and northern Leinster. Their traditional capital was Cruachan (modern Rathcroghan, County Roscommon).〔''The Oxford Companion to Irish History'', p.111, Oxford University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-19-923483-3.〕 ==Origins== The use of the word ''cúige'', earlier ''cóiced'', literally "fifth", to denote a province indicates the existence of a pentarchy in prehistory, whose members are believed to have been population groups the Connachta,〔Francis J. Byrne, ''Irish Kings and High Kings'', Four Courts Press, 2001, p. 86〕 the Ulaid (Ulster) and the Laigin (Leinster), the region of Mumu (Munster), and the central kingdom of Mide. This pentarchy appears to have been broken up by the dawn of history in the early 5th century with the reduction of the Ulaid and the founding of new Connachta dynasties which expanded north and east. Medieval Irish historical tradition traces these dynasties to the four or five sons of Eochaid Mugmedon: Brion, Ailill, Fiachrae, Fergus Caech (perhaps a literary addition), and Niall of the Nine Hostages. Four were ancestors of new Irish dynasties; those of Brión (the Uí Briúin), Fiachrae (the Uí Fiachrach) and Ailill (the Uí Ailello) were known as ''teóra Connachta'', or the historical Three Connachta of the province itself; that of Niall, the Uí Néill, at first surpassed its parent dynasty, establishing or continuing the so-called High Kingship of Ireland at Tara, and became the most powerful dynasty in Ireland down to early modern times. However David Sproule points out that:
Sproule's hypothesis has been accepted by historians such as Paul Byrne.〔Paul Byrne, Ciannachta Breg before Sil nAeda Slaine, in ''Seanchas:Studies in Early and Medieval Irish Archaeology, History and Literature in Honour of Francis John Byrne'', (Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2000), pp. 121–126.〕 The dynasties of the Airgíalla, and through them the Uí Maine, were also counted as belonging to the Connachta by medieval genealogists,〔Byrne 2001, pp. 46, 85–86〕〔Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, "Ireland, 400–800", in Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (ed.), ''A New History of Ireland'' Vol 1, 2005, pp. 182–234〕 although this is not likely the case, as they appear to descend from other peoples later added to the genealogical scheme.〔Francis J. Byrne, ''Irish Kings and High Kings'', Four Courts Press, 2001.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Connachta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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